Anticipating "it's all crazy..."

One of my favorite bands is releasing a new album tomorrow and I though I'd take a short moment to gush about it. I've been a long time admirer of mewithoutYou's work. Their abstract poetry filled with vivid imagery combines with highly energetic rich sounds and hits a sweet-spot. Certain lines tend to resonate with me. I find "O Porcupine" in particular to be moving.

I like to think of myself as having broad musical tastes, but if I do tend to be critical of a song it is very often overly simplistic lyrics which I fault. I don't know that I've ever sat down and thought through why that is, perhaps another time.

From listening to a few preview release tracks from this album, I don't think mewithoutYou runs any risk of that sort of problem. In fact, while listening to "the Fox, the Crow and the Cookie" I found myself pulling out the dictionary to look up the words canzonette, corvidae, and escadrille! Some of those rhymes are absolutely majestic. I think this album may satsfy even Xirzec's bombastically erudite lexical tastes. Thanks again to Andy for introducing me to their music.

Guitar Hacking

In highschool, I began learning to play guitar. I took private lessons at a local music store, and although I had read sheet music for over seven years by this point (mostly while playing trombone), my teacher started me out by drawing guitar tabs. Unlike sheet music with staffs, clefs, meters, and measures, guitar tabs read like a simple map of where your fingers belong. In some cases, tabs are a picture of the neck of the guitar. For example, most books of guitar chords contain diagrams that look something like this:

 E A D G B e
0___________
 | | | | | |
 | | | | | |
 | | | | | |
1-----------
 | | | | | |
 | 2 | | | |
 | | | | | |
2-----------
 | | | | | |
 1 | | | | 4
 | | | | | |
3-----------
 | | | | | |
 | | | | | |
 | | | | | |
4-----------

The long vertical lines are the strings, while the horizontal lines are the frets. The lower pitched strings are on the left, while the higher pitched are on the right. Finger placement is indicated by the numbers written in the strings. The index finger is 1 and the pinky is 4. This diagram is of a G major chord and it uses three fingers, two on the third fret, and one on the second.

However, you could also draw a guitar tab like this:

 0       1       2       3       4
e|-------|-------|---4---|-------|
B|-------|-------|-------|-------|
G|-------|-------|-------|-------|
D|-------|-------|-------|-------|
A|-------|---2---|-------|-------|
E|-------|-------|---1---|-------|

The above looks a bit more like the neck of the guitar from the point of view of the person holding it.

One great way to learn how a musician plays an unusual chord, is to look at a video or picture. In that case, you'd see the neck of the guitar reversed, like this:

 
4       3       2       1       0
|-------|---1---|-------|-------|E
|-------|-------|---2---|-------|A
|-------|-------|-------|-------|D
|-------|-------|-------|-------|G
|-------|-------|-------|-------|B
|-------|---4---|-------|-------|e

Unless, of course, you are watching one of the many left-handed guitar players (Hendrix, McCartney, etc.) in which case, you neck would look like this:

 0       1       2       3       4
E|-------|-------|---1---|-------|
A|-------|---2---|-------|-------|
D|-------|-------|-------|-------|
G|-------|-------|-------|-------|
B|-------|-------|-------|-------|
e|-------|-------|---4---|-------|

The interesting thing about learning to play guitar using tabs, is that you actually have less information to go on than with sheet music. Tabs tend to lack information about the rhythm being played, tempo, and volume which are all present in sheet music. The one thing which sheet music lacks, however, is an indication of where your fingers should go when playing a particular chord or riff. Unpacking finger placement information from a cluster of notes on a staff can be difficult enough that guitar tabs make an attractive tradeoff. It is the musical equivalent of a domain specific language.

With the prevalence of recorded music which can be rewound and replayed over and over, a guitar player can often reconstruct the rythms and other necessary information by listening to the song. No longer need all information live on the page, the quick and dirty guitar hacker plays with tabs on the stand and the music in her head.

A Musical Interlude... and back to Programming

I've been listening to Daft Punk and Justice quite a bit recently. Apparently I'm on a techno kick again. I've never found any electronic music that I've enjoyed as much as Joy Electric's The White Songbook. The purity of the tones and style has made it one of my all time favorite albums.

This got me thinking about a project which I thought of years ago, started, then abandoned. It was a music synthesizer/sequencer which you would program, by well, programming. I mean that the music would be controlled exclusively through a programming language. This would alter the creative process in several ways. Most music sequencers are graphical and allow you to lay out musical patterns in sequence. Writing a program is extremely non-linear, with classes, functions, and variables being defined in the code long before they are used. In this hypothetical sythesizer language. a composition might look something like this:

sequence "intro":
  playSample("beat", start=0:32.1, end=0:33.5, beats=[1,3,9,11,15])
  playSample("moog", beats=[5,7,11])
  shiftPitch(start=A4, end=C4, duration=bars(8))

sequence "solo":
  playSample("guitarRiff", start=1:15.3, end=2:09.0)

tempo 150 BPM
play("intro", now)
play("solo", end("intro"))
play("solo" now()+bars(5))

In the above example, the first play statement will be executed, then the third play statement (5 bars into the 8 bar intro), then the second solo will play again, probably before the first solo finishes. There are other interesting features in the pseudo-code above, but the fact that these sequences are played out of order was what I really want to highlight.

I've done live coding at several events over the years and I tend to have fun with it. It doesn't always go exactly as planned, but that is the whole idea. Live coding turns programming into a performance piece. I imagine there is a niche group of people who could really get into the live coding music scene.

What is ogg vorbis?

I'm glad that you asked. Ogg Vorbis is a format for music files like MP3. In many ways, I think that Ogg Vorbis is better. It produces higher quality output at a lower bit rate than MP3's. This means Ogg Vorbis files sound better and are smaller than MP3 files. In addition, Ogg Vobis is an open format and it uses open source software. This means that if you wanted to create an Ogg Vorbis player, or write a program that uses Ogg Vorbis, you don't need to pay any licensing fees on the technology. The MP3 format is patented by a German company (Fraunhofer Society) and they charge licensing fees to use it.

So, why isn't it more popular you may ask? I think it all comes down to timing. Ogg Vorbis was introduced much later than MP3, and several MP3 codecs have been released as free software for individual use. I'm hoping that Ogg Vorbis will gain momentum and eventually win out.

If you are interested in free and open audio compression you might also want to check out the Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC). The is no degradation to the quality of the sound and it is free and open like Ogg Vorbis.